Becoming a certified PADI (Professional Association of Diving Instructors) Open Water Scuba Instructor is a significant achievement that requires dedication, thorough preparation, and a passion for diving. The journey involves successfully completing the PADI Instructor Development Course (IDC) and then passing the PADI Instructor Examination (IE). This report provides a comprehensive guide on how to navigate these crucial steps, drawing upon available resources and established standards within the diving industry.
The PADI IDC serves as the cornerstone of professional-level scuba diver training. It is designed to equip candidates with the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively teach the PADI system of diver education. The IDC is typically comprised of two main parts: the first Course which is the PADI Assistant Instructor (AI) then going onto the PADI Open Water Scuba Instructor (OWSI) course or program. Most aspiring instructors complete the entire IDC to prepare for the Instructor Examination (IE), which is the final step in earning the PADI Instructor certification. The IDC focuses on developing a candidate’s ability to function as a qualified professional PADI Open Water Scuba Instructor by introducing them to the complete PADI instructor training system. This involves learning how to
use all system components as a professional dive educator. The challenging aspect of the IDC lies in the personal commitment to the training, which often requires completing the Dive Theory eLearning program beforehand and preparing daily teaching assignments. To be eligible for the PADI IDC, candidates must meet certain prerequisites. These generally include being certified as a PADI Divemaster or holding a leadership-level certification with another recreational diver training organization (that is established and recognised by PADI), often for at least six months. Candidates must also be at least 18 years old and have been a certified diver for a minimum of six months. The number of logged dives is also a crucial factor, with at least 60
dives required to participate in the IDC and 100 dives necessary to attend the Instructor Examination. Furthermore, certification as an Emergency First Response Instructor is typically required prior to the Instructor Exam, and proof of CPR and First Aid training within the last 24 months is mandatory. A medical statement signed by a physician within the last 12 months may also be required.
The curriculum of the PADI IDC is designed to prepare candidates across various domains of instruction. During the course, individuals will learn how to apply the PADI System of Education through practical teaching presentations in confined water (pool), knowledge development (classroom), and open water environments. The IDC typically involves curriculum presentations covering topics such as PADI Standards and Procedures, learning and instruction principles, risk management, and the business of diving. Candidates will also participate in workshops related to teaching specific PADI courses and programs. A significant part of the IDC involves developing practical teaching skills, including organizing and presenting information, conducting skill development sessions, and managing open water dives. Candidates will be assessed on their ability to perform all required dive skills at a demonstration quality level. Additionally, they will need to demonstrate watermanship skills, such as completing an 800-yard face-down, nonstop swim using a mask, snorkel, and fins. Competency in dive theory is also evaluated through exams covering areas like physics, physiology, equipment, and dive planning. Following the successful completion of the IDC, the next crucial step is the PADI Instructor Examination (IE). The IE is a standardized, two-day evaluation conducted by a PADI Examiner who is sent from the PADI head office to ensure impartiality. The primary objective of the IE is to assess a candidate’s readiness, knowledge, and skills to earn the PADI Open Water Scuba Instructor rating. The evaluation criteria used during the IE are the same as those applied during the IDC. The IE is typically divided into four main components: written exams, a classroom presentation (knowledge development), a confined water teaching presentation, and an open water teaching presentation, which includes a rescue assessment.
The written exams consist of two parts: a Dive Theory exam and a PADI Systems, Standards and Procedures examination. The Dive Theory exam is a closed-book test covering five sections: Physics, Physiology, Equipment, Skills and Environment, and the Recreational Dive Planner (RDP). Candidates typically have 90 minutes to complete 60 multiple-choice questions (12 per
section) and must achieve a passing score of 75% in each of the five sections. If a candidate fails one section, a makeup exam for that section is usually allowed. However, failure in two or more sections typically require retaking all written exams at a later IE. The PADI Systems, Standards and Procedures exam is an open-book exam where candidates can use their PADI
Instructor Manual and Guide to Teaching. This exam usually consists of 50 multiple-choice questions to be completed within 90 minutes, with a passing score of 75% required. Unlike the Dive Theory exam, there is typically no makeup allowed for the Standards and Procedures exam; failure to pass necessitates retaking it at a future IE.
The classroom presentation, also known as the knowledge development presentation, assesses a candidate’s ability to use PADI educational materials to explain concepts from PADI courses. Candidates are usually assigned a question from a PADI knowledge review (e.g., from the Open Water Diver, Advanced Open Water Diver, Rescue Diver, or Divemaster courses) and must deliver a 4–8-minute presentation to other IE candidates acting as students. The evaluation focuses on the effective use of PADI materials, interaction with students through thought-provoking questions, and the use of real-life examples to aid understanding. A passing score is typically 3.5 or higher. If a candidate does not pass the first presentation, a second attempt with a different question is usually permitted. The confined water teaching presentation evaluates a candidate’s ability to teach scuba skills in a pool or confined water environment. This section involves teaching one skill from a PADI course (e.g., Open Water Diver, Advanced Open Water Diver, Rescue Diver) to other IE candidates acting as students. The candidate must brief and demonstrate the skill, then have the “students” perform it, identify and correct any assigned errors, and provide a debriefing. A passing sco re of 3.4 or higher is generally required. Additionally, candidates are often required
to demonstrate five basic scuba skills chosen randomly by the examiner from a list of 20. A minimum total score of 17 points for all five skills, with each skill scoring 3.0 or higher, is typically needed to pass this skill circuit. Makeup attempts are usually allowed if the initial score is below the required threshold or if one skill scores below the minimum.
The open water teaching presentation assesses the candidate’s ability to teach in a real diving environment. Candidates are required to teach two skills from a PADI course (e.g., Open Water Diver, Advanced Open Water Diver, Rescue Diver) during a single open water dive. Similar to the confined water presentation, this involves briefing, supervising “students” (other IE
candidates) as they perform the skills with assigned errors, identifying and correcting these errors, and debriefing. An average score of 3.4 or 3.5 across the two skills is needed to pass. Notably, there are typically no makeup opportunities for the open water teaching presentation, emphasizing the need for thorough preparation. This section also includes a rescue assessment, where candidates must demonstrate proficiency in performing Rescue Exercise #7: Responding to an unresponsive diver on the surface. This exercise must be performed in water too deep to stand in, using either the mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-pocket mask method.
The rescue assessment is evaluated as a pass or fail based on a smooth, steady demonstration of key steps, including establishing positive buoyancy, calling for assistance, managing the airway, using the correct technique, removing the diver’s equipment, and initiating a tow. One makeup attempt is usually allowed for the rescue assessment.
IE Component Passing Standard
Dive Theory Exams (each section) 75%
Standards and Procedures Exam 75%
Knowledge Development Presentation 3.5 or higher
Confined Water Teaching 3.4 or higher
Confined Water Skill Circuit 17 total points, each skill 3.0 or higher (some
sources say 3.4 or higher)
Open Water Teaching Average of 3.4 or 3.5
Rescue Assessment Pass
Beyond the specific scores and assessments, demonstrating professional behavior, attitude, and actions throughout the entire IE is crucial for success. It is also worth noting that IE examiners generally want candidates to pass, and with adequate preparation, achieving a passing result is attainable. Strategic preparation is fundamental to successfully navigating the IDC and IE. While the minimum requirement to start the IDC is 60 logged dives and 100 for the IE, gaining more experience is highly advantageous. A strong foundation in diving skills and comfort in various diving conditions, such as night dives, deep dives, navigation, low visibility, and currents, will significantly ease the challenges of the IDC and IE. Aspiring instructors should seek opportunities to dive in different environments and familiarize themselves with various types of equipment. Importantly, the quality of experience and the level of awareness gained during dives are more impactful than simply accumulating a high number of logged dives. A solid understanding of dive theory is paramount before commencing the IDC. Candidates should thoroughly review materials from previous PADI courses, including Open Water Diver, Advanced Open Water Diver, Rescue Diver, and Divemaster. Completing quizzes, exams, and knowledge reviews from these courses can help identify and address any knowledge gaps. Physics and Physiology are often considered the most challenging areas of dive theory, so focused study in these subjects is recommended. Utilizing resources such as the PADI Dive Theory Online program and practice exams can be invaluable for reinforcing understanding. Explaining dive theory concepts to others is also an effective way to solidify one’s own comprehension.
Refining basic scuba skills to demonstration quality is another critical aspect of preparation. This means being able to perform all fundamental skills slowly, with exaggerated movements, and using proper technique. Regular practice in a pool until these skills become second nature is highly recommended. Special attention should be paid to buoyancy control, trim, and
hovering skills, as these are foundational for effective instruction. While watching videos of skill demonstrations can be helpful, personal practice is essential to develop the necessary muscle memory and proficiency. Maintaining comfort and control in the water is not only important for personal performance but also crucial for ensuring the safety of future students.
Familiarity with essential dive equipment is also key. The basic scuba gear required for the IDC and IE includes a mask, snorkel, fins, BCD (Buoyancy Compensator Device), regulator, weights, and a dive computer. Owning personal equipment is advisable as it promotes familiarity and comfort. Additional recommended equipment includes a dive slate, dive knife, compass, dive watch, surface marker buoy (SMB) with finger spool, and an audible underwater signalling device. Candidates should practice with their equipment, including assembling and disassembling gear, locating emergency releases, and practicing essential tasks like untying and refastening tank bands. To excel in the IE, a thorough review of the content covered during the IDC and a deep understanding of PADI standards is essential. Candidates should frequently review the PADI Instructor Manual and the Guide to Teaching. Understanding the rationale behind PADI’s standards and procedures is just as important as memorizing them. Reviewing the curriculum and objectives of the core PADI courses (Open Water Diver, Advanced Open Water Diver, Rescue Diver, Divemaster) will also be beneficial.
The power of practice cannot be overstated when preparing for the IE. Utilizing practice exams for both dive theory and PADI standards is strongly recommended. Mock exams help candidates become familiar with the exam format, time constraints, and the types of questions asked. Practicing teaching presentations in confined water, open water, and knowledge development scenarios with fellow IDC candidates or mentors can also significantly improve performance. Special attention should be given to practicing rescue scenarios, particularly Rescue Exercise #7. Consistent practice builds confidence and helps identify areas that require further attention.
Mastering teaching presentations in confined water, open water, and knowledge development settings are crucial for passing the IE. For confined water presentations, clear briefings, accurate skill demonstrations, effective error correction, and thorough debriefings are essential. In open water presentations, emphasis should be placed on safety, proper student supervision, clear underwater communication, and the effective integration of skills. For knowledge development presentations, utilizing PADI materials effectively, engaging with students, providing relevant real-life examples, and maintaining a concise and focused delivery are key. Throughout all teaching presentations, providing positive reinforcement and fostering a supportive learning environment are important aspects of effective instruction.
Demonstrating rescue proficiency is a critical component of the IE. Candidates must be highly competent in all rescue skills, with a particular focus on Rescue Exercise #7 (Unresponsive Diver on the Surface). This skill should be practiced until it can be performed smoothly and confidently. Key steps to emphasize include establishing positive buoyancy for the victim, calling for assistance, managing the airway effectively, using the correct resuscitation technique (either mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-pocket mask as instructed), removing the victim’s equipment, and initiating a tow to safety.
Understanding common mistakes made during the IE can help candidates avoid them. Some frequent reasons for failing include inadequate dive theory knowledge, particularly in Physics and Physiology, poor skill demonstrations, violations of PADI standards, rushing through presentations, and a lack of attention to student safety. Candidates should take their time to read exam questions carefully and double-check their answers before submitting them. Managing stress and staying calm throughout the IE is also crucial for optimal performance. Listening to and trusting the advice provided by your Course Director can be invaluable, as they have experience guiding candidates through this process. It is also advisable to avoid dwelling on any mistakes made during one section of the exam and instead focus on the next task. Finally, consistently demonstrating professional behavior and a positive attitude is essential
throughout the entire IE.
Common Mistake How to Avoid
Inadequate Dive Theory Knowledge Thoroughly review course materials, utilize practice exams, focus on challenging areas like
Physics and Physiology. Poor Skill Demonstrations Practice skills repeatedly to demonstration quality, focus on slowness and exaggeration.
Standards Violations Study the PADI Instructor Manual and Guide to Teaching thoroughly, understand the rationale behind standards.
Rushing Through Presentations Practice pacing, ensure all required points are covered without unnecessary speed.
Lack of Attention to Student Safety Always prioritize safety in teaching scenarios, demonstrate proper supervision and risk management.
Not Reading Exam Questions Carefully Take your time, read each question thoroughly, and double-check your answers.
Difficulty Managing Exam Stress Practice under simulated exam conditions, get adequate rest, and maintain a positive attitude.
Ignoring Course Director’s Advice Listen to and trust the guidance provided by your experienced Course Director.
Dwelling on Mistakes Focus on the present task, learn from mistakes but don’t let them negatively impact subsequent performance.
Demonstrating Unprofessional Behavior or Attitude Maintain a positive, respectful, and professional demeanor throughout the IDC and IE.
Numerous valuable resources are available to support candidates preparing for the IDC and IE. The official PADI website (www.padi.com) is the primary source for information on courses, standards, and membership . The PADI Pros site offers professional-level information for members . The PADI App provides various scuba tools and resources. Online forums and communities, such as Scuba Board, DeeperBlue, DiveBuddy, Reddit’s r/scuba, and Facebook groups, can provide valuable insights and support from other instructors and candidates. Websites like IDC Guide (www.idc-guide.com) offer dive theory resources, practice exams, and preparation tips. Many IDC centers also provide additional resources and support tailored to their programs. In conclusion, passing the PADI IDC and IE exams is a challenging but ultimately rewarding process. It requires dedication, thorough preparation across theoretical knowledge, practical diving and teaching skills, and a genuine passion for the underwater world. By approaching the process with a positive attitude, a commitment to learning, and by utilizing the available resources effectively, aspiring instructors can successfully navigate these steps and embark on a fulfilling career of inspiring the next generation of divers.